GLOSARUL TERMENILOR JAPONEZI folosiți în AIKIDO
- ichi – one
- roku – six
- ni – two
- shichi, nana – seven
- san – three
- hachi – eight
- yon, shi – four
- ku, kyu – nine
- go – five ju – ten
- ikkyo – first form
- nikyo – second form
- sankyo – third form
- yonkyo – fourth form
- gokyo – fifth form
masakatsu – victory of correctness, precision, righteousness (first principle of Aikido)
agatsu – victory over self (second principle of Aikido)
katsuhayahi – victory over light, over speed (third principle of Aikido)
shihan – master instructor
sensei – title of respect when referring to an instructor; never used for oneself
sempei – senior student
kohai – junior student
yudansha – person with a black belt rank
deshi – student or pupil; usually reserved for those training seriously
uchi deshi – student who lives in dojo or who is undergoing specialized intensive training
Aikido – The Way of harmonizing ki; the art founded by Morihei Ueshiba O-Sensei
Aikikai – Organization for Aikido; organizational name of Aikido Hombu Dojo in Tokyo
Hombu Dojo – Aikido World Headquarters in Tokyo, Japan
O-Sensei – Title of respect when referring to Morihei Ueshiba, Founder of Aikido
Doshu – Leader of the Way; currently Moriteru Ueshiba, grandson of O-Sensei
Nidai Doshu – Second Doshu, Kisshomaru Ueshiba (1921-1999), son of O-Sensei
dojo – training hall; a place for practicing the Way
rei – formal bow, gesture of respect and gratitude
reigi – courtesy, etiquette
keiko-gi – white uniform worn for Aikido training; sometimes shortened to gi
hakama – black divided skirt worn by yudansha and women of all ranks
irimi – movement of entering directly
tenkan – turning, pivoting movement
tenshin – movement diagonally back 45 degrees
sen no sen – immediate reaction resulting in leading uke to a safe place, irimi movement
go no sen – action to lead uke safely after completion of the attack, tenshin movement
fudoshin – unmovable, unshakable, stable, centered
heijoshin – completely relaxed, totally natural state
kakari geiko – same technique executed on several consecutive uke
migaki geiko – specialized practice to polish one’s Aikido
mitori geiko – sitting out but seriously watching a practice session
ai hanmi – same stance as partner, both left foot forward or both right foot forward
atemi – a defensive strike directed to an opening in order to distract or neutralize
bokken, bokuto – wooden sword used for training
budo – the martial way
budoka – practioner of the martial way
bushido – the way of the warrior, spirit of the samurai
chi – the earth
dan – rank or degree of black belt
do–gi – training uniform, same as keiko-gi
gyaku hanmi – opposite stance as partner, left foot to right foot
hai – yes
hanmi – basic triangular stance of Aikido
hanmi handachi – technique executed when nage is kneeling in seiza and uke is standing
hantai – opposite
hara – one’s center, the lower abdomen
henka waza – switching from one technique to another
hidari – left
hiji – elbow
hijitori – elbow grab from behind
hiza – knee
irimi – movement of entering directly
irimi nage – technique with entering movement for throw
jiyu waza – free style techniques
juji nage – throw executed with uke’s arms crossed at the elbows
jo – wooden staff used for training
kaeshi waza – counter technique
Kagami Biraki – New Year’s ceremony in the martial arts
Kaiso – the Founder, Morihei Ueshiba O-Sensei
kaiten – revolve, turn
kaiten nage – rotary throw with uke’s arm behind back
kakari geiko – same technique executed on several consecutive uke
kamae – defensive stance
kamidana – an altar or shrine
Kangeiko – special training period during the coldest time of winter
kata – shoulder
katatori – shoulder grab
katatori shomen uchi – shoulder grab with front strike to forehead
katatetori – one hand grab
keiko – practice or training
ki – life energy, life force
kokyu – breath or breathing
kokyu dosa – an exercise to develop breath power
kokyu ho – an exercise to develop breath power
kokyu ryoku – breath power, energy
kosatori – crossed hand grab
koshi nage – hip throw
kotegaeshi – wrist turn throw
kubi – neck
kubishime – choke hold
kumitachi – paired sword practice
kyu – ranks or degrees below black belt
maai – distance, proper spacing between partners
mae – front, forward
mae ukemi – front rolls
migi – right
misogi – purification ritual, spiritual cleansing
morotetori – two hands grabbing one
munetsuki – strike or thrust to the chest
nage – the person who executes the technique, sometimes called tori
nage – term meaning throw when describing a technique
okinaga – deep breathing exercise done in repeated cycles
omote – front, forward movement
onegai shimasu – “I make a request or Please grant me this favor.”
otoshi – a dropping throw
randori – free style with multiple attackers
ryo – both
ryokatatori – grabbing two shoulders
ryotetori – grabbing two hands with two hands
seiza – traditional Japanese seated position, kneeling style
shiho – four directions
shikaku – dead angle, opening beyond field of peripheral vision
shikko – knee walking
shomen – the head, the front
shomen uchi – overhand strike to front of the forehead
soto – outside
sumi otoshi – corner drop
suwari waza – techniques from seated position
tachi waza – techniques from standing position
taisabaki – body movement
tanto – wooden knife used in training
tatami – Japanese floor mats made from straw
te – hand
tegatana – outer edge of the forearm and hand used like a blade
tekubi – wrist
ten – heaven
tenchi nage – heaven and earth throw, the hands are pointed to heaven and earth
tenkan – turning, pivoting motion
tenshin – movement diagonally back 45 degrees
tokonoma – an alcove for scrolls, pictures, and treasured objects
tsuki – thrust or punch
uchi – inside
uke – person who attacks and is recipient of technique
ukemi – the art of falling
ura – back, to the rear
ushiro – behind
ushiro ukemi – back falls
ushiro waza – technique against attack from behind
waza – technique
yokomen uchi – strike to the side of the head
zanshin – continuous awareness and centeredness as the follow-through of a technique
Sa numeri în japoneză este de fapt foarte ușor.
Pentru a număra până la 99, tot ce trebuie să știți sunt termenii japonezi de la 1 la 10.
- one = ichi
- two = ni
- three = san
- four = yon (or shi)
- five = go
- six = roku
- seven = nana (or shichi)
- eight = hachi
- nine = kyu
- ten = jyu
Peste zece, am spune ceva în sensul „10 și 2” pentru a reprezenta „12”. Prin urmare,
- 11 = “ten (and) one” = “jyu ichi”
- 12 = “ten (and) two” = “jyu ni”
- 13 = “ten (and) three” = “jyu san”
- 14 = “ten (and) four” = “jyu shi” or “jyu yon”
- 15 = “ten (and) five” = “jyu go”
- 16 = “ten (and) six” = “jyu roku”
- 17 = “ten (and) seven” = “jyu nana” or “jyu shichi”
- 18 = “ten (and) eight” = “jyu hachi”
- 19 = “ten (and) nine” = “jyu kyu”
Pentru numerele de la 20 la 99, ați spune ceva de genul „3 zeci și 6” pentru a însemna „36”. Prin urmare,
- 36 = “3 tens and 6” = “san jyu roku”
- 43 = “4 tens and 3” = “yon jyu san”
- 71 = “7 tens and 1” = “nana jyu ichi”
- 99 = “9 tens and 9” = “kyu jyu kyu”
Numărarea mai mare este practic la fel.
- 100 = “hyaku”
- 1000 = “sen”
- 10000 = “man”
Deci,
- 101 is “hundred (and) one” = “hyaku ichi”
- 201 is “two hundred (and) one” = “ni hyaku ichi”
- 546 is “five hundred (and) four tens (and) six” = “go hyaku yon jyu roku”
- 3427 == “san zen yon hyaku ni jyu nana (or shichi)” (note that “sen” becomes “zen” after a voiced consonant line “n”)
- 23456 = “ni man san zen yon hyaku go jyu roku”
Cateva anomalii:
- Use “shi” for “four” only in the single digit column. So, you can use “shi” or “yon” in 3654, but use “yon” for 40, 400, 4000, etc.
- Use “shichi” for “seven” only in the single digit column. So, you can use “shichi” or “nana” in 9607, but use “nana” for 70, 700, 7000, etc.
- 600 = “roppyaku” (not “roku hyaku”)
- 800 = “happyaku” (not “hachi hyaku”)
- 8000 = “hassen” (not “hachi sen”)
Deci acum știi cum să numeri mult peste 10.000. Tocmai la timp pentru a număra toate acele bokken suburi, nu?